1. Bend tubing:
Tabung lentur adalah istilah payung untuk proses pembentukan logam yang digunakan untuk secara permanen membentuk pipa atau tubing. Salah satu harus membedakan antara prosedur bentuk-bentuk membungkuk-terikat dan bebas, serta antara panas dan dingin didukung prosedur membentuk.
2. Processes:
Tube bending as a process starts with loading a tube into a tube or pipe bender and clamping it into place between two dies, the clamping block and the forming die. The tube is also loosely held by two other dies, the wiper die and the pressure die.
The process of tube bending involves using mechanical force to push stock material pipe or tubing against a die, forcing the pipe or tube to conform to the shape of the die. Often, stock tubing is held firmly in place while the end is rotated and rolled around the die. Other forms of processing including pushing stock through rollers that bend it into a simple curve.[2] For some tube bending processing, a mandrel is placed inside the tube to prevent collapsing. The tube is held in tension by a wiper die to prevent any creasing during stress. A wiper die is usually made of a softer alloy such as aluminum or brass to avoid scratching or damaging the material being bent.
Tekan lentur:
Press bending is probably the first bending process used on cold pipes and tubing. In this process a die in the shape of the bend is pressed against the pipe forcing the pipe to fit the shape of the bend. Because the pipe is not supported internally there is some deformation of the shape of the pipe, resulting in an oval cross section. This process is used where a consistent cross section of the pipe is not required. Although a single die can produce various shapes, it only works for one size tube and radius.
Rotary imbang lentur:
perkakas penuh untuk imbang rotary bending
Rotary draw bending (RDB) is a precise technology, since it bends using tooling or "die sets" which have a constant center line radius (CLR), alternatively indicated as mean bending radius (Rm).
Roll bending:
During the roll bending process the pipe, extrusion, or solid is passed through a series of rollers (typically three) that apply pressure to the pipe gradually changing the bend radius in the pipe. The pyramid style roll benders have one moving roll, usually the top roll. Double pinch type roll benders have two adjustable rolls, usually the bottom rolls, and a fixed top roll. This method of bending causes very little deformation in the cross section of the pipe. This process is suited to producing coils of pipe as well as long gentle bends like those used in truss systems.
Induction bending:
An induction coil is placed around a small section of the pipe at the bend point. It is then induction heated to between 800 and 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit (430 and 1,200 C). While the pipe is hot, pressure is placed on the pipe to bend it. The pipe can then be quenched with either air or water spray or be cooled against ambient air.
Induction bending is used to produce bends for a wide range of applications, such as (thin walled) pipe lines for both the upstream and down stream and on- and off shore segments of the petrochemical industry, large radius structural parts for the construction industry, thick walled, short radius bends for the power generating industry and city heating systems.
Big advantages of induction bending are:
no need for mandrels
bend radii and angles (1°-180°) can be freely selected
highly accurate bend radii and angles
accurate pipe spools can easily be produced
significant savings can be obtained on field welds
wide range of pipe sizes can be accommodated in one machine (1” OD thru 80”OD)
excellent wall thinning and ovality values
Untuk Tempa Produk (WP) Dimensi tercakup dalam
ASME B16.9- which is standard for Factory-made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48” and
And B16.28- which is standard for Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 24”
NOMINAL PIPA UKURAN | DIAMETER LUAR | KEMBALI KE WAJAH | PUSAT UNTUK PUSAT | ||
Inci. | OD | SEBUAH | B | C | D |
1/2 | 21.3 | 48 | - | 76 | - |
3/4 | 26,7 | 43 | - | 57 | - |
1 | 33,4 | 56 | 41 | 76 | 51 |
1 1/4 | 42.2 | 70 | 52 | 95 | 64 |
1 1/2 | 48.3 | 83 | 62 | 114 | 76 |
2 | 60,3 | 106 | 81 | 152 | 102 |
2 1/2 | 73 | 132 | 100 | 191 | 127 |
3 | 88,9 | 159 | 121 | 229 | 152 |
3 1/2 | 101,6 | 184 | 140 | 267 | 178 |
4 | 114,3 | 210 | 159 | 305 | 203 |
5 | 141.3 | 262 | 197 | 381 | 254 |
6 | 168,3 | 313 | 237 | 457 | 305 |
8 | 219,1 | 414 | 313 | 610 | 406 |
10 | 273,1 | 518 | 391 | 762 | 508 |
12 | 323,9 | 619 | 467 | 914 | 610 |
14 | 355,6 | 711 | 533 | 1067 | 711 |
16 | 406,4 | 813 | 610 | 1219 | 813 |
18 | 457,2 | 914 | 686 | 1372 | 914 |
20 | 508 | 1016 | 762 | 1524 | 1016 |
22 | 559 | 1118 | 838 | 1676 | 1118 |
24 | 610 | 1219 | 914 | 1829 | 1219 |
Pipa Fittings Dimensi Toleransi sesuai ASME B16.9
NOMINAL PIPA UKURAN | SEMUA KELENGKAPAN | SEMUA KELENGKAPAN | SEMUA KELENGKAPAN | SIKU DAN TEES | 180 DEG RETURN Bends | 180 DEG RETURN Bends | 180 DEG RETURN Bends | pengecil | CAPS |
NPS | OD di Bevel (1), (2) | ID Akhir (1), (3), (4) |
Ketebalan dinding (3) | Pusat-to-End Dimensi A, B, C, M | Pusat-to-pusat O | Back-to-Face K | Penyelarasan Berakhir U | Keseluruhan Panjang H | Keseluruhan Panjang E |
½ untuk 2 ½ | 0,06 -0.03 |
0,03 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,12 |
3-3 ½ | 0,06 | 0,06 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,12 |
4 | 0,06 | 0,06 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,12 |
5 sampai 8 | 0,09 -0.06 |
0,06 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0.25 |
10 sampai 18 | 0,16 -0.12 |
0,12 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,09 | 0,38 | 0.25 | 0,06 | 0,09 | 0.25 |
20 sampai 24 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,09 | 0,38 | 0.25 | 0,06 | 0,09 | 0.25 |
26 sampai 30 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0,12 | ... | ... | ... | 0.19 | 0,38 |
32 hingga 48 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Tidak kurang dari 87,5% dari tebal nominal | 0.19 | ... | ... | ... | 0.19 | 0,38 |
nikel Alloy
ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 (NIKEL 200), UNS 2201 (NIKEL 201), UNS 4400 (monel 400), UNS 8020 (ALLOY 20/20 CB 3, UNS 8825 Inconel (825), UNS 6600 (Inconel 600), UNS 6601 (Inconel 601), UNS 6625 (Inconel 625), UNS 10276 (Pelindung C 276)
Besi tahan karat
ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP “S” / “W” /”WX” 304, 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347 H.
duplex Baja
ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS No.S 31.803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32.750, S 32.760.
Baja karbon
ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB, WPC ASTM / ASME A 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70.
alloy Steel
ASTM / ASME A 234 WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 23, WP 91.
Konten Komposisi kimia | Peralatan mekanis | ||||||||||
bahan NO | C | M N | si | S | P | cr | Mo | Ni | Kekuatan tekanan | kekuatan luluh | Pemanjangan |
A234 WPB | ≤0.3 | 0,29-1,06 | ≥0.1 | ≤0.058 | ≤0.05 | / | / | / | 415-585 | ≥240 | ≥30 |
A234 WP5 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.6 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | 4-6 | 0,44-0,65 | / | 415-585 | ≥205 | ≥20 |
A403 WP304 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 18-20 | / | 8-11 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 |
A403 WP316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16-18 | 2-3 | 10-15 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 |
WPHY60 | ≤0.20 | 1-1,45 | 0,15-0,4 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | / | / | / | ≥515 | ≥415 | / |
Meminyaki cahaya, Black Lukisan, PE / 3PE Anti-korosi Coating
induksi panas persyaratan tikungan planking
Kami fokus pada setiap prosedur untuk menjamin kualitas, paket biasanya kita ambil adalah papan siku pipa baja dengan tas poli lingkungan, dan kemudian di fumigasi bebas kasus kayu atau plate.we kayu juga menerima paket disesuaikan seperti OEM oleh negosiasi.
- Material shall be packed ready for export in a manner which allows easy handling and prevents damage,vendor shall submit their standard packing procedure to purchaser for approval.
- Terbuka ujung pas dan flensa harus disuplai dengan tugas berat plastik colokan pelindung atau ujung caps.For miring, topi harus melindungi daerah penuh bevel.
- Air bahan bukti penghalang harus digunakan untuk bahan stainless steel untuk melindungi terhadap serangan klorin oleh paparan ke atmosfer air garam.
- Karbon baja dan stainless steel item tidak diperbolehkan untuk disimpan bersama-sama dan harus dikemas secara terpisah.