1. Bend tubing:
Boru büküm sürekli boru veya boru oluşturmak için kullanılan metal şekillendirme işlemleri için terimdir. Bir ısı desteklenen ve soğuk şekillendirme prosedürleri arasında, hem de bir şekilde bağlı ve serbest bir şekilde bükme prosedürleri arasında ayırt etmek gerekir.
2. Processes:
Tube bending as a process starts with loading a tube into a tube or pipe bender and clamping it into place between two dies, the clamping block and the forming die. The tube is also loosely held by two other dies, the wiper die and the pressure die.
The process of tube bending involves using mechanical force to push stock material pipe or tubing against a die, forcing the pipe or tube to conform to the shape of the die. Often, stock tubing is held firmly in place while the end is rotated and rolled around the die. Other forms of processing including pushing stock through rollers that bend it into a simple curve.[2] For some tube bending processing, a mandrel is placed inside the tube to prevent collapsing. The tube is held in tension by a wiper die to prevent any creasing during stress. A wiper die is usually made of a softer alloy such as aluminum or brass to avoid scratching or damaging the material being bent.
Basın bükme:
Press bending is probably the first bending process used on cold pipes and tubing. In this process a die in the shape of the bend is pressed against the pipe forcing the pipe to fit the shape of the bend. Because the pipe is not supported internally there is some deformation of the shape of the pipe, resulting in an oval cross section. This process is used where a consistent cross section of the pipe is not required. Although a single die can produce various shapes, it only works for one size tube and radius.
Döner beraberlik bükme:
bükme döner beraberlik için tam araç
Rotary draw bending (RDB) is a precise technology, since it bends using tooling or "die sets" which have a constant center line radius (CLR), alternatively indicated as mean bending radius (Rm).
Roll bending:
During the roll bending process the pipe, extrusion, or solid is passed through a series of rollers (typically three) that apply pressure to the pipe gradually changing the bend radius in the pipe. The pyramid style roll benders have one moving roll, usually the top roll. Double pinch type roll benders have two adjustable rolls, usually the bottom rolls, and a fixed top roll. This method of bending causes very little deformation in the cross section of the pipe. This process is suited to producing coils of pipe as well as long gentle bends like those used in truss systems.
Induction bending:
An induction coil is placed around a small section of the pipe at the bend point. It is then induction heated to between 800 and 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit (430 and 1,200 C). While the pipe is hot, pressure is placed on the pipe to bend it. The pipe can then be quenched with either air or water spray or be cooled against ambient air.
Induction bending is used to produce bends for a wide range of applications, such as (thin walled) pipe lines for both the upstream and down stream and on- and off shore segments of the petrochemical industry, large radius structural parts for the construction industry, thick walled, short radius bends for the power generating industry and city heating systems.
Big advantages of induction bending are:
no need for mandrels
bend radii and angles (1°-180°) can be freely selected
highly accurate bend radii and angles
accurate pipe spools can easily be produced
significant savings can be obtained on field welds
wide range of pipe sizes can be accommodated in one machine (1” OD thru 80”OD)
excellent wall thinning and ovality values
Ferforje İçin Ürün (WP) Boyut kaplıdır
ASME B16.9- which is standard for Factory-made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48” and
And B16.28- which is standard for Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 24”
NOMINAL BORU BOYUTU | DIŞ ÇAP | GERİ FACE TO | MERKEZİ İÇİN MERKEZİ | ||
İnç. | OD | bir | B | Cı | D |
1/2 | 21.3 | 48 | - | 76 | - |
3/4 | 26,7 | 43 | - | 57 | - |
1 | 33.4 | 56 | 41 | 76 | 51 |
1 1/4 | 42.2 | 70 | 52 | 95 | 64 |
1 1/2 | 48,3 | 83 | 62 | 114 | 76 |
2 | 60.3 | 106 | 81 | 152 | 102 |
2 1/2 | 73 | 132 | 100 | 191 | 127 |
3 | 88.9 | 159 | 121 | 229 | 152 |
3 1/2 | 101.6 | 184 | 140 | 267 | 178 |
4 | 114.3 | 210 | 159 | 305 | 203 |
5 | 141.3 | 262 | 197 | 381 | 254 |
6 | 168.3 | 313 | 237 | 457 | 305 |
8 | 219.1 | 414 | 313 | 610 | 406 |
10 | 273,1 | 518 | 391 | 762 | 508 |
12 | 323,9 | 619 | 467 | 914 | 610 |
14 | 355.6 | 711 | 533 | 1067 | 711 |
16 | 406.4 | 813 | 610 | 1219 | 813 |
18 | 457.2 | 914 | 686 | 1372 | 914 |
20 | 508 | 1016 | 762 | 1524 | 1016 |
22 | 559 | 1118 | 838 | 1676 | 1118 |
24 | 610 | 1219 | 914 | 1829 | 1219 |
ASME B16.9 gereğince Boru Bağlantı Parçaları Boyutlar Tolerans
NOMINAL BORU BOYUTU | TÜM BAĞLANTI ELEMANLARI | TÜM BAĞLANTI ELEMANLARI | TÜM BAĞLANTI ELEMANLARI | DİRSEK VE TEES | 180 ° geri dönüş kavisleri | 180 ° geri dönüş kavisleri | 180 ° geri dönüş kavisleri | DÜŞÜRÜCÜLER | CAPS |
NPS | Konik OD (1), (2) | Sonu İD (1), (3), (4) |
Duvar kalınlığı (3) | Merkezi-to-End Boyut A, B, C, M | Merkezi-to-Centre O | Back-to-Face K | Uçlar U hizalanması | Toplam uzunluk H | Toplam uzunluk E |
½ 2 ½ etmek | 0,06 -0.03 |
0.03 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0,06 | 0.12 |
3'e 3 ½ | 0,06 | 0,06 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0,06 | 0.12 |
4 | 0,06 | 0,06 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0,06 | 0.12 |
5-8 | 0.09 -0.06 |
0,06 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0,06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0,06 | 0.25 |
10-18 | 0.16 -0.12 |
0.12 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0.09 | 0,38 | 0.25 | 0,06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
20-24 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0.09 | 0,38 | 0.25 | 0,06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
26-30 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0.12 | ... | ... | ... | 0.19 | 0,38 |
32-48 | 0.25 -0.19 |
0.19 | Nominal kalınlığı en az% 87.5 | 0.19 | ... | ... | ... | 0.19 | 0,38 |
Nikel alaşımı
ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 (NİKEL 200), UNS 2201 (NİKEL 201), UNS 4400 (Monel 400), UNS 8020 (ALAŞIM 20/20 CB 3, UNS 8825 INCONEL (825), UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600), UNS 6601 10276 (276 Hastelloy C) (INCONEL 601), UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS
Paslanmaz çelik
ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP, “S” / “W” /”WX” 304, 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347, H.
Dubleks Çelik
ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS Sa. 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760.
Karbon çelik
ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB WPC ASTM / ASME bir 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 ve WPHY 70.
Alaşımlı çelik
ASTM / ASME A 234 İP 1, RP 5, WP 9, RP 11, RP 12, RP 22, RP 23, RP 91.
Kimyasal Bileşimi İçeriği | Mekanik özellikler | ||||||||||
Malzeme No | Cı | Mn | Si | S | P | Cr | Mo | Ni | Gerilme direnci | Akma dayanımı | uzama |
A234 WPB | ≤0.3 | 0,29-1,06 | ≥0.1 | ≤0.058 | ≤0.05 | / | / | / | 415-585 | ≥240 | ≥30 |
A234 ÇP5 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.6 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | 4-6 | 0,44-0,65 | / | 415-585 | ≥205 | ≥20 |
A403 WP304 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 18-20 | / | 8-11 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 |
A403 WP316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16-18 | 2-3 | 10-15 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 |
WPHY60 | ≤0.20 | 1-1,45 | 0,15-0,4 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | / | / | / | ≥515 | ≥415 | / |
Işık Yağlama, Siyah Boyama, PE / 3PE Pas önleyici kaplama
Sıcak indüksiyon viraj tahtalar gereksinimleri
Biz kaliteyi sağlamak için her prosedür odaklanmak, genellikle almak paket çevre poli çanta ile çelik boru dirsek tahta ve sonra serbest fümigasyon ahşap durumlarda veya ahşap plate.we da müzakere böyle OEM olarak özelleştirilmiş paket kabul etmek.
- Material shall be packed ready for export in a manner which allows easy handling and prevents damage,vendor shall submit their standard packing procedure to purchaser for approval.
- Açık uydurma uçları ve flanşları ağır plastik koruyucu fiş veya caps.For eğimli uçları ile temin edilecektir, kapaklar eğimin tam alanını koruyacaktır.
- Su geçirmez bir bariyer malzemesi, tuzlu su atmosfere maruz bırakılarak klor atağına karşı korunması için, paslanmaz çelik malzeme kullanılır.
- Karbon çeliği ve paslanmaz çelik öğelerinin birlikte saklanmasına izin verilmez ve ayrı ayrı paketlenmiş edilecektir.