First, the characteristics of steel structures
1. Steel structures are light in weight and high in bearing capacity: they are lightweight and high-strength materials
2. Steel is close to a homogeneous isotropic body: when steel is divided into tiny pieces, each piece will have roughly the same mechanical properties, and the properties in all directions are roughly the same, which is the basis of solid mechanics
3. Steel has good plasticity and toughness: under static loads, steel has good plastic deformation ability
4. Steel has good welding performance: the so-called “good” welding performance refers to the property that steel can maintain the integrity of the welded part without cracking during and after welding
5. Steel structures have the characteristic of no leakage: whether it is welded, riveted, or bolted, steel structures can be sealed without leakage
6. Steel structure manufacturing is factory-based and construction is assembled: the components are lighter, the construction is convenient, the site occupies a small area, the construction period is short, and it is also easy to dismantle, reinforce, and expand
7. Steel has poor corrosion resistance: steel is easy to rust in an environment with high humidity and corrosive media, and the cross-section is continuously weakened Damage to the structure affects the service life, so steel structures need regular maintenance
8. Steel structures have good heat resistance but poor fire resistance: Experiments have shown that the performance of steel does not change much from room temperature to 150°C. After exceeding 150°C, the strength and plasticity change greatly. When it reaches 600°C, the strength drops to zero and the bearing capacity is completely lost. To improve the fire resistance level of steel structures, half of the structures are often wrapped with concrete or bricks. Fire-resistant coatings can also be applied. When the thickness of the fire-resistant coating is 15mm, the fire resistance limit of steel components reaches 1.5h
Second, the reasonable application scope of steel structures
1. Heavy industrial plants: plants with large spans and column spacings, plants with heavy-duty cranes or large-tonnage cranes, or plants with 2~3-story cranes, as well as some high-temperature workshops, should use steel crane beams, steel roof trusses, steel columns, and other components, as well as all-steel structures
2. Large-span structures: The larger the span of the structure, the more obvious the economic effect of reducing the deadweight of the structure
3. Tall structures and high-rise buildings: Tall structures include high-voltage transmission line towers Substation structures, radio and television transmission towers and masts, etc. These structures mainly bear wind loads. In addition to being light in weight and easy to install and construct, steel structures are also lightweight, high in strength, and have small cross-sections, which reduces wind loads and achieves greater economic benefits.
4. Structures subject to dynamic loads: Due to the good dynamic performance and toughness of steel, it can be used as a crane beam that directly bears heavy or large span bridge cranes.
5. Removable and movable structures: Mobile exhibition halls and mobile houses are most suitable for steel structures. Steel structures are light in weight and easy to demolish. When bolts are used for connection, they are easy to assemble and disassemble. Construction machinery must use steel structures to reduce the weight of the structure.
6. Containers and pipelines: Because steel has high strength and good airtightness, high-pressure gas pipes and pipelines, gas tanks, and boilers are all made of steel.
7. Light steel structures: Light steel structures composed of single-angle steel or thin-walled steel and portal steel frame structures have the advantages of low weight, fast construction, and less steel. It has been widely used in recent years.
8. Other buildings: transport corridors, trestles, various pipe supports, blast furnace and boiler frames, etc. usually use steel structures.
In general, according to the actual situation in my country, steel structures are suitable for high, large, heavy, and light structures.
Post time: Apr-10-2025